Aiming to provide a genealogy of the discursive formations surrounding Quran 14:37, this research addresses the fundamental problem of how a seemingly simple prayer has transformed into a hub for the convergence and conflict of intellectual currents in Islamic history. By applying the novel method of "discursive genealogy," this article moves beyond a mere synchronic survey of exegeses to analyze the "logic of meaning production" in each era. The findings reveal the development of six distinct discursive layers: from the foundational "narrative-constitutive" layer that establishes the historical framework, to the Sunni and Shi'a "theological-identity" readings which, by delimiting min al-nās (from the people) and reinterpreting ilayhim (to them) respectively, demarcate the Ummah and articulate a Wilayat-based authority. Subsequently, the "philosophical-theosophical" discourse focusing on the wisdom of "divine trial" (ibtilā’), and two modern discourses—the "naturalist" reading seeking to reconcile prayer with natural laws, and the "radical-critical" reading that challenges the narrative's geography by replacing exegesis with historical criticism—are analyzed. The final result demonstrates that this verse, as a microcosm, serves as a mirror for tracing profound evolutions in worldview, hermeneutics, and political theology within the Islamic tradition.