In addition to its guidance-oriented dimensions, the Holy Qur’an contains numerous references to natural phenomena. The few previous works that attempted to enumerate scientific verses suffer from three major shortcomings: inconsistency in identifying relevant verses, a limited focus on a few scientific branches, and neglect of verses that refer to natural phenomena without necessarily requiring a scientific exegesis.



This study aims to identify and classify Qur’anic verses related to natural phenomena through the examination of their contexts and authoritative commentaries. The verses were extracted and categorized into two main branches of the natural sciences: physical sciences (with 14 subfields) and biological sciences (with 11 subfields). For the first time, the study presents Qur’anic references to natural phenomena in three categories: worldly, eschatological, and metaphorical.



Findings reveal that a total of 1,944 verses refer to natural phenomena, of which 1,170 verses (approximately 60%) concern the physical sciences and 1,050 verses (about 40%) pertain to the biological sciences. Among the physical sciences, cosmology has the highest frequency, while within the biological sciences, human anatomy is the most frequent. Of the verses related to physical sciences, 944 are worldly, 49 metaphorical, and 173 eschatological; whereas among those related to biological sciences, 567 are worldly, 270 metaphorical, and 211 eschatological.



This dataset provides a foundational resource for interdisciplinary analyses between the Qur’an and the natural sciences, and—due to its inclusion of diverse scientific subfields—offers new insights into verses whose scientific subtleties have previously been overlooked in Qur’anic exegesis.