Islamic Studies and Quranic Research in the Contemporary World

Islamic Studies and Quranic Research in the Contemporary World

An interpretative rereading of the word "liver" in verse 4 of Surah Balad with a critical approach

Document Type : Original Article

Author
Associate Professor, Department of Tafsir and Quranic Sciences, Faculty of Qur’anic Sciences, Kermanshah Branch, University of Sciences and Teachings of the H
Abstract
One of the noble verses of the Quran that refers to an aspect of the quality of human creation is verse 4 of Surah Balad. In the lexicographic books, various meanings have been presented for the word “liver”, which appears only once in this verse. So far, commentators have chosen four meanings for this word: suffering and hardship, illness, balance and moderation, moderation and suffering, and have translated the verse based on them. However, all of these interpretations have been criticized, which causes the validity and probability of correctness and acceptance of the opinions to be doubted. Among the meanings mentioned in the authentic lexicographic books, the expressions “the source of hostility, hostility” and “the center and the core of everything” have not been examined in the interpretation of the verse so far. In this study, using the method of descriptive analysis and a critical approach to famous interpretations, as well as focusing on lexicographic books and the principle of context and proportionality of the verses, the latter possibility has been examined regarding the verse and the reasons for strengthening the acceptance of the proposed interpretation have been presented. acceptance of the proposed interpretation have been presented. acceptance of the proposed interpretation have been presented.he latter possibility has been examined regarding the verse and the reasons for strengthening the acceptance of the proposed interpretation have been presented. acceptance of the proposed interpretation have been presented.
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  • Receive Date 08 August 2026
  • Revise Date 07 September 2026
  • Accept Date 08 September 2026
  • First Publish Date 08 September 2026
  • Publish Date 23 August 2026